Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded data in ndgrid format (2024)

Table of Contents
Syntax Description Examples 1-D Interpolation 2-D Interpolation Interpolate Two Sets of 2-D Sample Values Evaluate Outside Domain of 3-D Function 4-D Interpolation Input Arguments X1,X2,...,Xn — Sample grid points arrays | vectors V — Sample values array Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn — Query points scalars | vectors | arrays k — Refinement factor 1 (default) | real, nonnegative, integer scalar method — Interpolation method 'linear' (default) | 'nearest' | 'pchip' | 'cubic' | 'spline' | 'makima' extrapval — Function value outside domain of X1,X2,...,Xn scalar Output Arguments Vq — Interpolated values scalar | vector | array More About Strictly Monotonic Full Grid (in ndgrid Format) Grid Vectors Scattered Points Extended Capabilities C/C++ Code Generation Generate C and C++ code using MATLAB® Coder™. Thread-Based Environment Run code in the background using MATLAB® backgroundPool or accelerate code with Parallel Computing Toolbox™ ThreadPool. GPU Arrays Accelerate code by running on a graphics processing unit (GPU) using Parallel Computing Toolbox™. Distributed Arrays Partition large arrays across the combined memory of your cluster using Parallel Computing Toolbox™. Version History R2021a: Interpolate multiple data sets simultaneously See Also MATLAB Command Americas Europe Asia Pacific

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format

collapse all in page

Syntax

Vq = interpn(X1,X2,...,Xn,V,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn)

Vq = interpn(V,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn)

Vq = interpn(V)

Vq = interpn(V,k)

Vq = interpn(___,method)

Vq = interpn(___,method,extrapval)

Description

example

Vq = interpn(X1,X2,...,Xn,V,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn) returnsinterpolated values of a function of n variablesat specific query points using linear interpolation. The results alwayspass through the original sampling of the function. X1,X2,...,Xn containthe coordinates of the sample points. V containsthe corresponding function values at each sample point. Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn containthe coordinates of the query points.

Vq = interpn(V,Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn) assumes a default grid of sample points. The default grid consists of the points, 1,2,3,...ni in each dimension. The value of ni is the length of the ith dimension in V. Use this syntax when you want to conserve memory and are not concerned about the absolute distances between points.

Vq = interpn(V) returnsthe interpolated values on a refined grid formed by dividing the intervalbetween sample values once in each dimension.

example

Vq = interpn(V,k) returnsthe interpolated values on a refined grid formed by repeatedly halvingthe intervals k times in each dimension. This resultsin 2^k-1 interpolated points between sample values.

example

Vq = interpn(___,method) specifies an alternative interpolation method: 'linear', 'nearest', 'pchip','cubic', 'makima', or 'spline'. The default method is 'linear'.

example

Vq = interpn(___,method,extrapval) alsospecifies extrapval, a scalar value that is assignedto all queries that lie outside the domain of the sample points.

If you omit the extrapval argument for queriesoutside the domain of the sample points, then based on the method argument interpn returnsone of the following:

  • The extrapolated values for the 'spline' and 'makima' methods

  • NaN values for other interpolation methods

Examples

collapse all

1-D Interpolation

Open Live Script

Define the sample points and values. 

x = [1 2 3 4 5];v = [12 16 31 10 6];

Define the query points, xq, and interpolate. 

xq = (1:0.1:5);vq = interpn(x,v,xq,'cubic');

Plot the result. 

figureplot(x,v,'o',xq,vq,'-');legend('Samples','Cubic Interpolation');

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (1)

2-D Interpolation

Open Live Script

Create a set of grid points and corresponding sample values. 

[X1,X2] = ndgrid((-5:1:5));R = sqrt(X1.^2 + X2.^2)+ eps;V = sin(R)./(R);

Interpolate over a finer grid using ntimes=1.

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (2)

Interpolate Two Sets of 2-D Sample Values

Open Live Script

Create a grid of 2-D sample points using ndgrid.

[x,y] = ndgrid(0:10,0:5);

Create two different sets of sample values at the sample points and concatenate them as pages in a 3-D array. Plot the two sets of sample values against the sample points. Because surf uses meshgrid format for grids, transpose the inputs for plotting.

v1 = sin(x.*y)./(x+1);v2 = x.*erf(y);V = cat(3,v1,v2);tiledlayout(1,2)nexttilesurf(x',y',V(:,:,1)')view(2)nexttilesurf(x',y',V(:,:,2)')view(2)

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (3)

Create a set of query points for interpolation using ndgrid and then use interpn to find the values of each function at the query points. Plot the interpolated values against the query points.

[xq,yq] = ndgrid(0:0.2:10);Vq = interpn(x,y,V,xq,yq);tiledlayout(1,2)nexttilesurf(xq',yq',Vq(:,:,1)')view(2)nexttilesurf(xq',yq',Vq(:,:,2)')view(2)

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (4)

Evaluate Outside Domain of 3-D Function

Open Live Script

Create the grid vectors, x1, x2, and x3. These vectors define the points associated with the values in V. 

x1 = 1:100;x2 = 1:50;x3 = 1:30;

Define the sample values to be a 100-by-50-by-30 array of random numbers, V.

rng defaultV = rand(100,50,30);

Evaluate V at three points outside the domain of x1, x2, and x3. Specify extrapval = -1. 

xq1 = [0 0 0];xq2 = [0 0 51];xq3 = [0 101 102];vq = interpn(x1,x2,x3,V,xq1,xq2,xq3,'linear',-1)
vq = 1×3 -1 -1 -1

All three points evaluate to -1 because they are outside the domain of x1, x2, and x3.

4-D Interpolation

Open Script

Define an anonymous function that represents Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (5).

f = @(x,y,z,t) t.*exp(-x.^2 - y.^2 - z.^2);

Create a grid of points in Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (6). Then, pass the points through the function to create the sample values, V.

[x,y,z,t] = ndgrid(-1:0.2:1,-1:0.2:1,-1:0.2:1,0:2:10);V = f(x,y,z,t);

Now, create the query grid.

[xq,yq,zq,tq] = ...ndgrid(-1:0.05:1,-1:0.08:1,-1:0.05:1,0:0.5:10);

Interpolate V at the query points.

Vq = interpn(x,y,z,t,V,xq,yq,zq,tq);

Create a movie to show the results.

figure;nframes = size(tq, 4);for j = 1:nframes slice(yq(:,:,:,j),xq(:,:,:,j),zq(:,:,:,j),... Vq(:,:,:,j),0,0,0); clim([0 10]); M(j) = getframe;endmovie(M);

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (7)

Input Arguments

collapse all

X1,X2,...,Xn — Sample grid points
arrays | vectors

Sample grid points, specified as real arrays or vectors. Thesample grid points must be unique.

  • If X1,X2,...,Xn are arrays, thenthey contain the coordinates of a full grid (in ndgrid format).Use the ndgrid function tocreate the X1,X2,...,Xn arrays together. Thesearrays must be the same size.

  • If X1,X2,...,Xn are vectors, then they are treated as grid vectors. The values in these vectors must be strictly monotonic, either increasing or decreasing.

Example: [X1,X2,X3,X4] = ndgrid(1:30,-10:10,1:5,10:13)

Data Types: single | double

V — Sample values
array

Sample values, specified as a real or complex array. The size requirements for V depend on the size of the grid of sample points defined by X1,X2,...,Xn. The sample points X1,X2,...,Xn can be arrays or grid vectors, but in both cases they define an n-dimensional grid. V must be an array that at least has the same n dimension sizes, but it also can have extra dimensions beyond n:

  • If V also has n dimensions, then the size of V must match the size of the n-dimensional grid defined by X1,X2,...,Xn. In this case, V contains one set of sample values at the sample points. For example, if X1,X2,X3 are 3-by-3-by-3 arrays, then V can also be a 3-by-3-by-3 array.

  • If V has more than n dimensions, then the first n dimensions of V must match the size of the n-dimensional grid defined by X1,X2,...,Xn. The extra dimensions in V define extra sets of sample values at the sample points. For example, if X1,X2,X3 are 3-by-3-by-3 arrays, then V can be a 3-by-3-by-3-by-2 array to define two sets of sample values at the sample points.

If V contains complex numbers, then interpn interpolatesthe real and imaginary parts separately.

Example: rand(10,5,3,2)

Data Types: single | double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn — Query points
scalars | vectors | arrays

Query points, specified as real scalars, vectors, or arrays.

  • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are scalars,then they are the coordinates of a single query point in Rn.

  • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are vectorsof different orientations, then Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn aretreated as grid vectors in Rn.

  • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are vectorsof the same size and orientation, then Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn aretreated as scattered points in Rn.

  • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are arrays ofthe same size, then they represent either a full grid of query points(in ndgrid format) or scattered points in Rn.

Example: [X1,X2,X3,X4] = ndgrid(1:10,1:5,7:9,10:11)

Data Types: single | double

k — Refinement factor
1 (default) | real, nonnegative, integer scalar

Refinement factor, specified as a real, nonnegative, integerscalar. This value specifies the number of times to repeatedly dividethe intervals of the refined grid in each dimension. This resultsin 2^k-1 interpolated points between sample values.

If k is 0, then Vq isthe same as V.

interpn(V,1) is the same as interpn(V).

The following illustration depicts k=2 in R2.There are 72 interpolated values in red and 9 sample values in black.

Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (8)

Example: interpn(V,2)

Data Types: single | double

method — Interpolation method
'linear' (default) | 'nearest' | 'pchip' | 'cubic' | 'spline' | 'makima'

Interpolation method, specified as one of the options in this table.

MethodDescriptionContinuityComments
'linear'The interpolated value at a query point is based on linear interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. This is the default interpolation method.C0

  • Requires at least two grid points in each dimension

  • Requires more memory than 'nearest'

'nearest'The interpolated value at a query point is the value at the nearest sample grid point. Discontinuous

  • Requires two grid points in each dimension.

  • Fastest computation with modest memory requirements

'pchip'Shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation (for 1-D only). The interpolated value at a query point is based on a shape-preserving piecewise cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points.C1

  • Requires at least four points

  • Requires more memory and computation time than 'linear'

'cubic'The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic convolution.C1

  • Grid must have uniform spacing in each dimension, but the spacing does not have to be the same for all dimensions

  • Requires at least four points in each dimension

  • Requires more memory and computation time than 'linear'

'makima'Modified Akima cubic Hermite interpolation. The interpolated value at a query point is based on a piecewise function of polynomials with degree at most three evaluated using the values of neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The Akima formula is modified to avoid overshoots.C1

  • Requires at least 2 points in each dimension

  • Produces fewer undulations than 'spline'

  • Computation time is typically less than 'spline', but the memory requirements are similar

'spline'The interpolated value at a query point is based on a cubic interpolation of the values at neighboring grid points in each respective dimension. The interpolation is based on a cubic spline using not-a-knot end conditions.C2

  • Requires four points in each dimension

  • Requires more memory and computation time than 'cubic'

extrapval — Function value outside domain of X1,X2,...,Xn
scalar

Function value outside domain of X1,X2,...,Xn,specified as a real or complex scalar. interpn returnsthis constant value for all points outside the domain of X1,X2,...,Xn.

Example: 5

Example: 5+1i

Data Types: single | double
Complex Number Support: Yes

Output Arguments

collapse all

Vq — Interpolated values
scalar | vector | array

Interpolated values, returned as a real or complex scalar, vector, or array. The size and shape of Vq depends on the syntax you use and, in some cases, the size and value of the input arguments.

  • If you specify sample points with X1,X2,...,Xn, or use the default grid, and V has the same number of dimensions as the n-dimensional grid of sample points, then Vq contains a single set of interpolated values at the query points defined by Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn.

    • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are scalars, then Vq is a scalar.

    • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are vectors of the same size and orientation, then Vq is a vector with the same size and orientation.

    • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are grid vectors of mixed orientation, then Vq is an array with the same size as the grid implicitly defined by the grid vectors.

    • If Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn are arrays of the same size, then Vq is an array with the same size.

  • If you specify sample points with X1,X2,...,Xn, or use the default grid, and V has more dimensions than the n-dimensional grid of sample points, then Vq contains multiple sets of interpolated values at the query points defined by Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn. In this case, the first n dimensions of Vq follow the size rules for a single set of interpolated values above, but Vq also has the same extra dimensions as V with the same sizes.

  • With the syntaxes interpn(V) and interpn(V,k), the interpolation is performed by subdividing the default grid k times (where k=1 for interpn(V)). In this case, Vq is an array with the same number of dimensions as V where the size of the ith dimension is 2^k * (size(V,i)-1)+1.

More About

collapse all

Strictly Monotonic

A set of values that are always increasingor decreasing, without reversals. For example, the sequence, a= [2 4 6 8] is strictly monotonic and increasing. The sequence, b= [2 4 4 6 8] is not strictly monotonic because there isno change in value between b(2) and b(3).The sequence, c = [2 4 6 8 6] contains a reversalbetween c(4) and c(5), so itis not monotonic at all.

Full Grid (in ndgrid Format)

For interpn, the fullgrid consists of n arrays, X1,X2,...,Xn,whose elements represent a grid of points in Rn.The ith array, Xi, contains strictly monotonic,increasing values that vary most rapidly along the ith dimension.

Use the ndgrid functionto create a full grid that you can pass to interpn.For example, the following code creates a full grid in R2 forthe region, 1 ≤ X1 ≤ 3, 1≤ X2 ≤4.

[X1,X2] = ndgrid(-1:3,(1:4))
X1 = -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3X2 = 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Grid Vectors

For interpn, grid vectorsconsist of n vectors of mixed-orientation thatdefine the points of a grid in Rn.

For example, the following code creates the grid vectors in R3 forthe region, 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 3, 4 ≤ x2 ≤5, and 6 ≤x3≤ 8:

x1 = 1:3;x2 = (4:5)';x3 = 6:8;

Scattered Points

For interpn, scatteredpoints consist of n arrays or vectors, Xq1,Xq2,...,Xqn,that define a collection of points scattered in Rn.The ith array, Xi, containsthe coordinates in the ith dimension.

For example, the following code specifies the points, (1, 19,10), (6, 40, 1), (15, 33, 22), and (0, 61, 13) in R3.

Xq1 = [1 6; 15 0];Xq2 = [19 40; 33 61];Xq3 = [10 1; 22 13];

Extended Capabilities

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

expand all

Support added to interpolate multiple data sets on the same grid at the same query points. For example, if you specify a 2-D grid, a 3-D array of values at the grid points, and a 2-D collection of query points, then interpn returns the interpolated values at the query points for each 2-D page in the 3-D array of values.

See Also

interp1 | interp2 | interp3 | ndgrid

MATLAB Command

You clicked a link that corresponds to this MATLAB command: 

 
Run the command by entering it in the MATLAB Command Window. Web browsers do not support MATLAB commands.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded datain ndgrid format (9) 
 
 
 
 
Select a Web Site
 
Choose a web site to get translated content where available and see local events and offers. Based on your location, we recommend that you select: .
 
 
 
You can also select a web site from the following list:
 
 
 
Americas
 
     
  • América Latina (Español)
    •  
  • Canada (English)
    •  
  • United States (English)
    •  
 
 
 
Europe
 
 
 
     
  • Belgium (English)
    •  
  • Denmark (English)
    •  
  • Deutschland (Deutsch)
    •  
  • España (Español)
    •  
  • Finland (English)
    •  
  • France (Français)
    •  
  • Ireland (English)
    •  
  • Italia (Italiano)
    •  
  • Luxembourg (English)
    •  
 
 
 
     
  • Netherlands (English)
    •  
  • Norway (English)
    •  
  • Österreich (Deutsch)
    •  
  • Portugal (English)
    •  
  • Sweden (English)
    •  
  • Switzerland 
       
    • Deutsch
      •  
    • English
      •  
    • Français
      •  
     
    •  
  • United Kingdom (English)
    •  
 
 
 
 
 
Asia Pacific
  
 
 
Contact your local office
 
 
 
 
 

                                                        Interpolation for 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and N-D gridded data
in ndgrid format (2024)
                        

                            
                        

                    

                                                                                                            
Top Articles

                            

                                                                    



    
    

        Mounjato
    


                                                                    



    
    

        Breakdown Of The Soldier Field Seating Chart
    


                                                                                                    



    
    

        2014 Chevrolet Serpentine Belt Diagrams
    


                



    
    

        Vantaan Variassa mallikurssit helpottavat opetustyötä | itslearning
    


                



    
    

        Watch Meno Khan Viral Video on Reddit and Twitter - Video Reddit Trend
    


                



    
    

        Nisd 2023 Calendar
    


                



    
    

        Craigslist West Virginia Heavy Equipment - By Owner
    


                



    
    

        My Cfisd Net Login Launchpad
    


                



    
    

        Continental Juubidama --- Debunked - Gen. Discussion - Comic Vine
    


                



    
    

        Potential Energy Calculations
    


                



    
    

        GZSZ-Gastrolle Evelyn weiß, wen sie will: Carlos!
    


                



    
    

        Where Is Evelyn From The Mummy Now? - Looper
    


                                                                

                                                                
Latest Posts

                        

                                                            



    
    

        China makes cheap electric vehicles. Why can't American shoppers buy them?
    


                                                            



    
    

        Miami Valley Hospital Er Wait Time
    


                                                    

                    
                    

        

    
    
    



                    

    
Article information

    
Author:  Chrissy Homenick 

    
Last Updated:   

    
Views: 5718

    
Rating: 4.3 / 5 (54 voted)

    
Reviews: 93% of readers found this page helpful





    
Author information

    
Name: Chrissy Homenick

    
Birthday: 2001-10-22

    
Address: 611 Kuhn Oval, Feltonbury, NY 02783-3818

    
Phone: +96619177651654

    
Job: Mining Representative

    
Hobby: amateur radio, Sculling, Knife making, Gardening, Watching movies, Gunsmithing, Video gaming

    
Introduction: My name is Chrissy Homenick, I am a tender, funny, determined, tender, glorious, fancy, enthusiastic person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.